The Republic of India is a sovereign country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country. Being a pluralistic, multi-lingual, and multi-ethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife which consists of around 7.6% of mammals, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant species. Overall, 33% of Indian plant species are endemic.
India's forest cover ranges from the tropical rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats, and Northeast India to the coniferous forest of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the sal-dominated moist deciduous forest of eastern India; teak-dominated dry deciduous forest of central and southern India; and the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and western Gangetic plain. Important Indian trees include the medicinal neem which is used in Indian herbal remedies.
In recent decades, the system of national parks and protected areas is established and in 1935 it was substantially expanded.
In 1972, India enforced the Wildlife Protection Act to safeguard crucial habitat. India now hosts over 500 wildlife sanctuaries, 14 biosphere reserves, four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
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